The Thread of Life: Toraja Reflections on the Life Cycle
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AcknowledgmentsCh. 1Introduction1Studies of the Life Cycle in Insular Southeast Asia4A Brief Overview of Toraja History, Culture, and Society6The Interview Situation13The Respondents19Notes on Translations and Style29Ch. 2Birth, Infancy, and Early Childhood30Central Events of Birth and Early Childhood32Earliest Memories34Play37Demanding and Defiant Behavior39Household Work and Sibling Care41Running Away46Ch. 3Later Childhood and Adolescence50Herding Water Buffalo50The "Theft" of Food51Bitter Aspects of the Herding Experience54Early Adolescence: Sex and Coming of Age56Ma'baruk: Scarification of the Forearm57Ear Piercing among Girls61Ma'tille: Supercision of Boys62Ma'kiri': Tooth Filing69Adolescence and Courtship70Men's Perspectives76Women's Perspectives85School Experiences92Ventures outside the Village94Ch. 4Marriage and Parenting96Finding a Spouse97Forming a Household103Rights and Responsibilities in Marriage104The Ideal Spouse107Deviations from the Ideal109Responses to Marital Discord: Reconciliation or Divorce110Sex in Marriage114Attitudes toward Children119Pregnancy and Childbirth122Raising Young Children129Parental Discipline and Advice137Children's Autonomy143Ch. 5Adulthood, Aging, and Death160The Hardships of Adulthood160The Slaughtering of Livestock164Unconscious Meanings of Slaughtering167Aspects of Aging168Death and Dying173Ch. 6The Cycle of Life in Toraja191An Overview of the Life Course191Experiential Aspects of the Life Cycle193Basic Relational Issues and the Life Cycle195Human Lives, Toraja Lives, Individual Lives203Appendix 1: Checklist of Open Interview Topics205Appendix 2: Respondents207Notes209Glossary221References227Index235
