The Little Penguin Handbook
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The Penguin handbooks have helped over ½ million students improve their writing, solve grammar problems and successfully complete their research projects. Here’s what students are saying.With its easy-to-use format, clear explanations, helpful examples, and engaging visuals, The Penguin Handbook is sure to help you get better grades, too.“The Penguin Handbook is a great resource; it is the difference between and F or an A. I went from failing grades in the course to A’s.”— Heath Gattis, Texas State University“Overall the book was extremely helpful. It is the only book that I have not sold or returned and I have continued to use it in all of my classes that require writing.”—Camie Wood, Lower Columbia College“I recommend buying this book, even if you are not required. The book will help you when writing any paper. It was helpful in my composition class and my other classes.” — Brianna Flanagan, Del Mar College“This handbook has everything that you could ever want to know in it. I would recommend it to other students because it is a lifesaver. The MLA, grammar, and punctuation sections were especially useful.” — Kim Basara, Iowa State University“The Penguin Handbook is very helpful—straightforward and to-the-point. It’s really easy to find the information you need.” – Nora Soto, Caldwell Community College“I noticed a drastic improvement in my writing through using The Penguin Handbook; I’m a better writer than I was.” — Frank Antwi, Grand View College“I enjoyed the layout of the book. It is highly informative and I believe every college student should have one available.”Amanda Schorel, University of South Florida“It is very colorful and not bland like other handbooks. The examples were thorough and helped me a lot when seeing which way I should cite my sources. I know it will be of great use to me in the future.”Natalie Martell, University of Texas at El Paso
Part 1 Composing1. Think as a Writera. Think about the process of communicationb. Think about your audiencec. Think about your credibility2. Read and View with a Critical Eyea. Become a critical readerb. Become a critical viewer3. Plan Your Writinga. Establish goals and find a topicb. Write a working thesis4. Write a Drafta. Determine your organizationb. Compose a draft5. Compose Paragraphsa. Focus your paragraphsb. Write effective beginning and ending paragraphs6. Revise, Edit, and Proofreada. Evaluate your draftb. Learn strategies for rewritingc. Edit for specific goalsd. Proofread carefully7. Write in Academic Genresa. Write an observationb. Write a case studyc. Write a lab report in the sciencesd. Write an essay examPart 2 ResearchingFive Steps for Planning and Conducting Research1 How do I find a topic?2 How do I focus a topic?3 How do I determine what research I need?4 How do I find sources?5 How do I keep track of my research?8. Find Sources in Databasesa. Know the strengths of database sourcesb. Find information in databasesc. Construct effective database searchesd. Locate elements of a citation in database sources9. Find Sources on the Weba. Find reliable Web sourcesb. Construct effective Web searchesc. Locate elements of a citation in Web sources10. Find Print Sourcesa. Know the strengths of print sourcesb. Find booksc. Find journal articlesd. Locate elements of a citation in print sources11. Evaluate Your Sourcesa. Determine the relevance of sourcesb. Determine the quality of print and database sourcesc. Determine the quality of Web sources12. Plan Field Researcha. Know what you can obtain from field researchb. Conduct interviewsc. Administer surveysd. Make observations13. Incorporate Sources and Avoid Plagiarisma. Avoid plagiarismb. Quote sources without plagiarizingc. Summarize and paraphrase sources without plagiarizingd. Incorporate quotations, summaries, and paraphrases effectivelyPart 3 DocumentingFive Steps for Documenting Sources1 Which documentation style do I use?2 What kind of source am I using?3 When do I cite sources?4 How do I cite a source in my paper?5 How do I cite sources at the end of my paper?14. MLA Documentationa. In-text citations in MLA-styleb. Books in MLA-style works citedc. Journals, magazines, newspapers, and documentsd. Library database publicationse. Online publicationsf. Unedited online sourcesg. Visual and multimedia sourcesh. Sample research paper with MLA documentation15. APA Documentationa. The elements of APA documentationb. In-text citations in APA-stylec. Books and nonperiodical sourcesd. Periodical sourcese. Online sourcesf. Visual, computer, and multimedia sourcesg. Sample pages from a research paper with APA documentation16. CMS Documentationa. The elements of CMS documentationb. Books and nonperiodical sourcesc. Periodical sourcesd. Online sourcese. Sample pages from a research paper with CMS documentation17. CSE Documentationa. In-text references in CSE styleb. Books and nonperiodical sourcesc. Periodical sourcesd. Online sourcesPart 4 Effective Style and Language18. Write with Powera. Recognize active and passive voiceb. Use action verbsc. Find agentsd. Vary your sentences19. Write Conciselya. Eliminate unnecessary wordsb. Reduce wordy phrasesc. Simplify tangled sentences20. Write with Emphasisa. Manage emphasis within sentencesb. Forge links across sentencesc. Use parallel structure with parallel ideas21. Find the Right Wordsa. Be aware of levels of formalityb. Be aware of denotation and connotationc. Use specific languaged. Write to be inclusivee. Recognize international varieties of EnglishPart 5 Understanding Grammar22. Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splicesa. Fragmentsb. Run-on sentencesc. Comma splices23. Subject-Verb Agreementa. Agreement in the present tenseb. Singular and plural subjectsc. Indefinite pronouns as subjectsd. Collective nouns as subjectse. Inverted word orderf. Amounts, numbers, and pairs24. Verbsa. Basic verb formsb. Irregular verbsc. Transitive and intransitive verbs25. Pronounsa. Pronoun caseb. Pronoun agreementc. Avoiding sexist pronounsd. Vague reference26. Shiftsa. Shifts in tenseb. Shifts in moodc. Shifts in voiced. Shifts in person and number27. Modifiersa. Choose the correct modifierb. Place adjectives carefullyc. Place adverbs carefullyd. Revise disruptive modifierse. Revise dangling modifiers28. Grammar for Multilingual Writersa. Nounsb. Articlesc. VerbsPart 6 Understanding Punctuation and Mechanics29. Commasa. Commas with introductory elementsb. Commas with compound clausesc. Commas with nonrestrictive modifiersd. Commas with items in a seriese. Commas with coordinate adjectivesf. Commas with quotationsg. Commas with dates, numbers, titles, and addressesh. Commas to avoid confusioni. Unnecessary commas30. Semicolons and Colonsa. Semicolons with closely related main clausesb. Semicolons together with commasc. Colons in sentencesd. Colons with lists31. Dashes and Parenthesesa. Dashes and parentheses to set off informationb. Dashes and parentheses versus commasc. Other punctuation with parentheses32. Apostrophesa. Possessivesb. Contractions and omitted lettersc. Plurals of letters, symbols, and words referred to as words33. Quotation Marksa. Direct quotationsb. Titles of short worksc. Other uses of quotation marksd. Other punctuation with quotation markse. Misuses of quotation marks34. Other Punctuation Marksa. Periodsb. Question marksc. Exclamation pointsd. Bracketse. Ellipsesf. Slashes35. Capitalization, Italics, Abbreviations, Numbersa. Capital lettersb. Italicsc. Abbreviationsd. Acronymse. NumbersGlossary of Grammatical Terms and UsageIndexRevision Guide
