The Invention of the Restaurant: Paris and Modern Gastronomic Culture
Why are there restaurants? Why would anybody consider eating to be an enjoyable leisure activity or even a serious pastime? To find the answer to these questions, we must accompany Rebecca Spang back to France in the eighteenth century, when a restaurant was not a place to eat but a thing to eat: a quasi-medicinal bouillon that formed an essential element of prerevolutionary France's nouvelle cuisine. This is a book about the French Revolution in taste and of the table—a book about how...
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Why are there restaurants? Why would anybody consider eating to be an enjoyable leisure activity or even a serious pastime? To find the answer to these questions, we must accompany Rebecca Spang back to France in the eighteenth century, when a restaurant was not a place to eat but a thing to eat: a quasi-medicinal bouillon that formed an essential element of prerevolutionary France's nouvelle cuisine. This is a book about the French Revolution in taste and of the table—a book about how Parisians invented the modern culture of food, thereby changing their own social life and that of the world.During the 1760s and 1770s, those who were sensitive and supposedly suffering made public show of their delicacy by going to the new establishments known as "restaurateurs' rooms" and there sipping their bouillons. By the 1790s, though, the table was variously seen as a place of decadent corruption or democratic solidarity. The Revolution's tables were sites for extending frugal, politically correct hospitality, and a delicate appetite was a sign of counter-revolutionary tendencies. The restaurants that had begun as purveyors of health food became symbols of aristocratic greed. In the early nineteenth century, however, the new genre of gastronomic literature worked within the strictures of the Napoleonic police state to transform the notion of restaurants and to confer star status upon oysters and champagne. Thus, the stage was set for the arrival of British and American tourists keen on discovering the mysteries of Frenchness in the capital's restaurants. From restoratives to Restoration, Spang establishes the restaurant at the very intersection of public and private in French culture—the first public place where people went to be private. New York Times - Edward Rothstein [A] pleasingly spiced history of the restaurant...
Introduction: To Make a Restaurant11The Friend of All the World122The Nouvelle Cuisine of Rousseauian Sensibility343Private Appetites in a Public Space644Morality, Equality, Hospitality!885Fixed Prices: Gluttony and the French Revolution1196From Gastromania to Gastronomy1467Putting Paris on the Menu1708Hiding in Restaurants207Epilogue: Restaurants and Reverie234Notes247Acknowledgments317Index319
\ The TimesThis prize-winning academic historical study is a lively, engrossing, authoritative account of how the restaurant as we know it developed...Rebecca Spang is consistently perceptive about the semiotics of her theme, and as generous in her helpings of historical detail as any glutton could wish.\ \ \ \ \ \ American Historical ReviewSpang presents her story as an excursive and discursive feast, seasons it with wit and gentle irony, lards it with cameos, quotations, and illustrations. Her appetizing message is served wtih a deft touch.\ — Eugen Weber\ \ \ \ BooklistSpang traces [the] history [of restaurants] and challenges the traditional gastronomic narrative of dining out in the French capital...Spang's work should appeal to readers seriously interested in the social and intellectual history of dining out.\ — Mary Carroll\ \ \ \ \ \ Boston Sunday GlobeAlmost every page of this decidedly scholarly though highly readable book gave me something to think about: the origins of restaurant reviewing in the early years of the 19th century, the way in which other Europeans came to identify the restaurant with the essence of French-ness itself, or the fact that in French one word—carte—does double duty for both menu and map.\ — Michael Gora\ \ \ \ \ \ Eighteenth-Century Book Reviews OnlineWhy do restaurants exist? Why do we go to restaurants? Reading Rebecca Spang's Invention of the Restaurant: Paris and Modern Gastronomic Culture does not directly answer these questions on a personal level, but it does, with many insights, help illuminate the history and sociology of eating out...Spang's book, while thoroughly researched, is highly readable and enjoyable. This French Revolution of the table will obviously interest amateurs and professionals of culinary topics. I would argue, though, that the book should intrigue even more many readers with no knowledge or particular love of the kitchen. Because every chapter is well introduced and focuses on a particular aspect of the restaurant, such varied fields of study as sociology, history, economy, science, literature, and law find their place. As a result, the book will appeal to many types of readers including undergraduates and graduates. Of special interest is the way Spang considers the public-and-private-sphere debate as well as her unique approach of the French Revolution. Her analysis is accomplished in great detail—starting with the various definitions of the evolution of the word "restaurant"—and includes many frontspieces, caricatures, and copious notes. Finally, Spang's book is an engaging portrait and a serious but accessible tool for understanding the metamorphosis of the emerging modern French society. The Invention of the Restaurant deserves to be read by all.\ — Veronique Olivier-Wallis\ \ \ \ \ \ Eighteenth-Century StudiesBy focusing on the development of gastronomy as a discourse, and by analyzing that discourse's constitutive claims to autonomy, Spang offers a more nuanced understanding of what makes her study important and new, if not revolutionary With its engaging prose style and its judicious use of both scholarly apparatus and illustrations, the book is reminiscent of the work of John Brewer and Simon Schama (not coincidentally, since the latter was Spang's thesis director). Offering both a detailed history of the emergence of the restaurant and an introduction to the major cultural and political movements of the revolutionary era, The Invention of the Restaurant spans the period from 1770 to about 1840.\ — Jody Greene\ \ \ \ \ \ French HistoryIt is by now hardly necessary to point out that this is an excellent book. Rebecca Spang's Invention of the Restaurant well deserves the prizes and enthusiastic reviews it has garnered from both academic and non-academic sources since its appearance in 2000. The reasons for these successes are easy to discern. Spang's book is delightful to read, beautifully constructed and concerned with a topic of immediate appeal: how and why was the restaurant invented?...A splendid work showing considerable erudition and great narrative talent. I look forward to reading Spang's next publication.\ — Rebecca Earle\ \ \ \ \ \ Globe and MailThe perfect book for a time of year that celebrates, among other things, food. Historian Rebecca Spang begins with an inspired question: Why are there restaurants? To answer this, she takes the reader back a couple of centuries to France, when a restaurant was actually a thing to eat and not a place to go. Her well-researched, compelling book deservedly won several awards.\ \ \ \ \ \ Harvard MagazineSpang chronicles these developments [in the history of restaurants] in a tasty work, which is about far more than food.\ \ \ \ \ \ London Review of BooksRebecca Spang explodes a culinary myth that has lasted nearly two hundred years.\ — Margaret Visser\ \ \ \ \ \ Los Angeles TimesReaders hungry for mouth-watering accounts of sumptuous meals or paeans to the glories of French cuisine will not find them here. Spang's focus is on the restaurant as an institution, and her history pretty much ends in the mid-19th century. Spang is far more interested in viewing restaurants in a wider social, political and historical context. Her book is well...argued, dryly witty and full of fascinating details.\ — Merle Rubin\ \ \ \ \ \ New York Times[A] pleasingly spiced history of the restaurant...How has [the] restaurant ritual come to be? And why does it have this form? Such questions are now familiar in works of cultural and social history...[but] Spang adds to the genre without falling prey to its jargon.\ — Edward Rothstein\ \ \ \ \ \ New YorkerSpang has written an ambitious, thought-changing book. Until now, most restaurant history was pop history, filled with canned "Eureka!" moments and arch legend-making...Spang's book is an example of the new "niche" history, and, like the best of such books, it is rich in weird data, unsung heroes, and bizarre true stories about the making of familiar things.\ — Adam Gopnik\ \ \ \ \ \ Newark Star-LedgerSpang writes entertainingly, with a keen sense of humor and with no great reverence for her subject. It is a refreshing contrast to much of the overwritten adulation of restaurants that passes for criticism today.\ — Roger Harris\ \ \ \ \ \ Radical PhilosophyThis is a book that works on a number of different levels. There is meat and drink here for those interested in the metaphysical and metaphorical aspects of eating; a wealth of erudition on some relatively little studied aspects of Enlightenment culture and the French Revolution; and those scholars of the period who follow convention in regarding the rise of the French restaurant as epiphenomenon of the French Revolution, a well presented challenge to their account.\ — Kate Soper\ \ \ \ \ \ Salon.comThe title of Rebecca L. Spang's scholarly yet highly accessible social history, The Invention of the Restaurant causes a small jolt of surprise. For people who eat out so often that boiling a pot of spaghetti at home is a special occasion, a world without restaurants is hard to imagine. We realize, at some level, that they have not always been here, but few of us could say who invented them, or when...Much of this information is ignored in the standard food histories, and Spang's excavation of it makes for interesting reading, particularly because the French Revolution and its aftermath would change restaurants almost beyond recognition, into something very like the places where we go out to eat today.\ — Pete Wells\ \ \ \ \ \ The GuardianNo more fables about ancien régime chefs, whose aristo patrons had been guillotined or exiled in the French Revolution...an end to those anecdotes about their invention of dishes broiled on a breastplate on some Napoleonic battlefield. Because Spang reveals the restaurant's first true author: Mathurin Roze de Chantoiseau, "friend of all the world," an entrepreneur who edited an annual business directory in which he recommended himself as the "king's restauranteur" and founder of the first "house of health."\ — Vera Rule\ \ \ \ \ \ Adam GopnikSpang has written an ambitious, thought-changing book.\ —New Yorker\ \ \ \ \ Edward Rothstein[A] pleasingly spiced history of the restaurant...\ —New York Times\ \ \ \ \ Merle Rubin[Spang's] book is well...argued, dryly witty and full of fascinating details.\ —Los Angeles Times\ \ \ \ \ Michael GoraAlmost every page of this decidedly scholarly though highly readable book gave me something to think about...\ —Boston Sunday Globe\ \ \ \ \ The Times [UK]This prize-winning academic historical study is a lively, engrossing, authoritative account of how the restaurant as we know it developed...\ \
