Surface Acoustic Wave Filters: With Applications to Electronic Communications and Signal Processing
This book gives the fundamental principles and device design techniques for surface acoustic wave filters. It covers the devices in widespread use today: bandpass and pulse compression filters, correlators and non-linear convolvers and resonators. The newest technologies for low bandpass filters are fully covered such as unidirectional transducers, resonators in impedance element filters, resonators in double-mode surface acoustic wave filters and transverse-coupled resonators using...
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This book gives the fundamental principles and device design techniques for surface acoustic wave filters. It covers the devices in widespread use today: bandpass and pulse compression filters, correlators and non-linear convolvers and resonators. The newest technologies for low bandpass filters are fully covered such as unidirectional transducers, resonators in impedance element filters, resonators in double-mode surface acoustic wave filters and transverse-coupled resonators using waveguides. The book covers the theory of acoustic wave physics, the piezoelectric effect, electrostatics at a surface, effective permittivity, piezoelectric SAW excitation and reception, and the SAW element factor. These are the main requirements for developing quasi-static theory, which gives a basis for the non-reflective transducers in transversal bandpass filters and interdigital pulse compression filters. It is also needed for the reflective transducers used in the newer devices.* A thorough revision of a classic on surface acoustic wave filters first published in 1985 and still in print* Uniquely combines easy -to -understand principles with practical design techniques for all the devices in widespread use today* Complete coverage of all the latest devices which are key to mobile phones, TVs and radar systems* Includes a new foreword by Sir Eric Albert Ash
Preface xiForeword to second edition xvForeword to previous edition (1991) xviiBasic survey 1Acoustic waves in solid 2Propagation effects and materials 7Basic properties of Interdigital Transducers 9Transducer reflectivity and the triple-transit signal 9Non-reflective transducers: delta-function model 11Apodization and transversal filtering 18Correlation and signal processing 22Wireless interrogation: sensors and tags 24Resonators and low-loss filters 25Gratings and resonators 26Low-loss filters for RF 27Low-loss filters for IF 29Performance of bandpass filters 31Summary of devices and applications 33Acoustic waves in elastic solids 38Elasticity in anisotropic materials 38Non-piezoelectric materials 39Piezoelectric materials 41Waves in isotropic materials 43Plane waves 44Rayleigh waves in a half-space 46Shear-horizontal waves in a half-space 51Waves in a layered half-space 51Waves in a parallel-sided plate 55Waves in anisotropic materials 57Plane waves in an infinite medium 57Theory for a piezoelectric half-space 58Surface-wave solutions 60Other solutions 63Surface waves in layered substrates: perturbation theory 65Electrical excitation at a plane surface 68Electrostatic case 68Piezoelectric half-space 72Some properties of the effective permittivity 75Green's function 79Other applications of the effective permittivity 82Propagation effects and materials 87Diffraction and beam steering 87Formulation using angular spectrum of plane waves 88Beam steering in the near field 90Minimal-diffraction orientations 91Diffracted field in the parabolic approximation: scaling 92Two-transducer devices 95Propagation loss and non-linear effects 100Temperature effects and velocity errors 101Materials for surface-wave devices 104Orientation: Euler angles 104Single-crystal materials 105Thin films 108Non-reflective transducers 114Analysis for a general array of electrodes 115The quasi-static approximation 115Electrostatic equations and charge superposition 118Current entering one electrode 122Evaluation of the acoustic potential 123Quasi-static analysis of transducers 125Launching transducer 125Transducer admittance 127Receiving transducer 128Summary and P-matrix formulation 130Transducers with regular electrodes: element factor 134Admittance of uniform transducers 139Acoustic conductance and susceptance 140Capacitance 143Comparative performance 144Two-transducer devices 145Device using unapodized transducers 146Device using an apodized transducer 149Admittance of apodized transducers 152Two-transducer device using a multistrip coupler 154Bandpass filtering using non-reflective transducers 157Basic properties of uniform transducers 158Apodized transducer as a transversal filter 161Design of transversal filters 169Use of window functions 169Optimized design: the Remez algorithm 173Withdrawal weighting 175Filter design and performance 177Correlators for pulse compression radar and communications 183Pulse compression radar 184Chirp waveforms 187Waveform characteristics 187Weighting of linear-chirp filters 192Interdigital chirp transducers and filters 196Chirp transducer analysis 197Transducer design 202Filter design and performance 204Reflective array compressors 208Doppler effects and spectral analysis 210Correlation in spread-spectrum communications 212Principles of spread-spectrum systems 212Linear matched filters for PSK 214Non-linear convolvers 215Reflective gratings and transducers 225Reflective array method for gratings and transducers 226Infinite-length grating 226Finite-length grating 229Transducer with regular electrodes 231Reflectivity and velocity for single-electrode transducers 233Coupling of Modes (COM) Equations 238Derivation of equations 238General solution for a uniform transducer 242The Natural SPUDT effect in single-electrode transducers 248Numerical evaluation of COM parameters 251Theoretical methods for periodic structures 251Coupled-mode parameters from band edge frequencies 256Unidirectional transducers and their application to bandpass filtering 263General considerations 264DART mechanism and analysis 266Bandpass filtering using DARTs 274Other SPUDT structures and analysis for parameters 278Other SPUDT filters 282Other low-loss techniques 286Waveguides and transversely coupled resonator filters 293Basic strip waveguides 294Waveguide modes in interdigital devices 299Analysis for general waveguides 302Transversely-Coupled Resonator (TCR) filter 304Unbound waveguide modes 309Waveguides including electrode reflectivity 312Resonators and resonator filters 317Resonator types 318Gratings and cavities 318Single-port resonator 322Two-port resonator 326Single-electrode transducer as resonator 330Surface-wave Oscillators 332Impedance Element Filters 335Leaky waves 340Leaky waves and surface-skimming bulk waves 340Leaky waves in lithium tantalate 342Coupled-mode analysis of gratings and transducers 346Other leaky waves 351Longitudinally-Coupled Resonator (LCR) filters 352Fourier transforms and linear filters 359Fourier transforms 359Linear filters 363Matched filtering 366Non-uniform sampling 369Some properties of bandpass waveforms 371Hilbert transforms 376Reciprocity 378General relation for a mechanically free surface 378Reciprocity for two-terminal transducers 379Symmetry of the green's function 383Reciprocity for surface excitation of a half-space 384Reciprocity for surface-wave transducers 384Surface-wave generation 387Elemental charge density for regular electrodes 390Some properties of legendre functions 390Elemental charge density 393Net charges on electrodes 395P-matrix relations 397General relations 397Cascading formulae 400Electrical loading in an array of regular electrodes 409General solution for low frequencies 409Propagation outside the stop band 414Stop bands 417Theory of the multistrip coupler 421Index 423
