Student's Book of College English: Rhetoric, Reader, Research Guide, and Handbook, MLA Update Edition

Thematic Table of ContentsPreface to the InstructorPART 1 Getting Started: The Principles of Good Reading and WritingCh 1 Critical Reading Why Read?Reading for Best Results Tips for Reading CriticallyCritical Reading in ActionLawrence Downes, “The Shy, Egg-Stealing Neighbor You Didn’t Know You Had” [Annotated professional essay]Strategy Checklist: Reading Critically George Orwell, “A Hanging”Reading Visual Images Tips for Understanding Visuals Reading a Photograph, Drawing, or Advertisement Strategy Checklist: Reading and Interpreting VisualsDodge, “Nitro Drivers Always Make New ‘Friends’” [Advertisement]Nestle, “Want a Lite Baby Ruth?” [Advertisement]Reading Charts, Graphs, Tables, and CartoonsReading Web SitesUsefulness and Reliability Tips for Reading and Evaluating Web SitesStrategy Checklist: Reading and Evaluating Web Sites 0Models of WritingChristopher Caldwell, “Intimate Shopping: Should Everyone Know What You Bought Today?”Ch 2 Active Writing Choosing a Good Topic Setting Limits on a Topic Narrowing a Topic in StagesDetermining Your Purpose and AudiencePrewritingStrategy Checklist: PrewritingOrganizing IdeasWriting DraftsTips for Writing a Rough Draft Writing at a ComputerTips for Writing at a Computer One Student Writing: First DraftFirst Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay]Strategy Checklist: Getting Started with WritingCh 3 Finding and Supporting a Thesis Understanding the ThesisElements of a Good ThesisTips for Evaluating a Thesis Stating Your ThesisTips for Developing a Thesis Supporting Your Thesis: DetailsUsing Sensory DetailsUsing Data: Statistics, Cases, and Expert TestimonyStudent Writing: Thesis and DetailsThomas Healey, “You Must Be Crazy!” [Student essay]Clifford Wendell, “The Computer and I” [Student essay]Models of WritingNicholas D. Kristof, “Love and Race”Langston Hughes, “Salvation” [Story]W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm, “Scientists Are Made, Not Born”Strategy Checklist: Stating and Supporting a ThesisCh 4 Planning a Paper: Outlining Creating a Rough OutlineTips for Creating a Rough Outline Making a Formal OutlineEstablishing Main DivisionsAdding Supporting DetailsFormatting a Formal OutlineWriting Topic and Sentence OutlinesOne Student Writing: From Prewriting to EssayPercy Bysshe Shelley, “Ozymandias” [Poem] Prewriting, Rough Outline, Formal Outline, Essay: Alan Benjamin, “Enough Despair to Go Around” [Student essay]Preparing Your Formal OutlineTips for Writing a Formal Outline Strategy Checklist: Preparing a Formal OutlineCh 5 Writing Your Paper: An Overview Writing a Strong IntroductionStating the ThesisForecasting the PaperUsing Different Introductory StrategiesTips for Writing a Strong Introduction Writing the Body ParagraphsWriting Topic SentencesOne Student Writing: Topic SentencesHugh Nicholes, “The Mechanics of Backyard Mechanics” [Student essay]Writing TransitionsDeveloping Paragraphs: Unity and CoherenceTips for Achieving Paragraph Unity Tips for Achieving Paragraph Coherence Writing a Strong ConclusionTips for Writing a Strong Conclusion Ch 6 Revising, Editing, and Proofreading Your Paper Peer Review: Learning from Other StudentsOne Student Writing: Revising and EditingIntermediate Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay]Learning from Your Instructor’s CommentsIntermediate Draft with Instructor Comments: John Fousek, “My Roommate” [Student Essay]ProofreadingTips for Careful Proofreading Putting It All TogetherStrategy Checklist: Revising and Editing Your DraftsOne Student Writing: Final DraftFinal Draft: John Fousek, “My Roommate, Jim” [Student Essay]A Brief Note on StylePART 2 Methods of Development Ch 7 Description Writing Your Descriptive PaperTips for Writing a Descriptive Essay Student Writing: DescriptionNick Fiscina, “Dad’s Disappointment” [Student essay]Gwendolyn Wellington, “A Birth Room” [Student essay]Critical Reading: DescriptionEsmeralda Santiago, “A Blanco Navidad for New Yorikans” [Annotated Professional Essay]Models of WritingRoger Angell, “On the Ball”Joan Didion, “Marrying Absurd”Readings for WritingDick Feagler, “Willie”Maxine Hong Kingston, "My Mother Has Cooked for Us"Reading and Writing About PoetryMark Strand, “Black Sea” [Poem]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Descriptive PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 8 Narration Writing Your Narrative PaperTips for Writing a Narrative Essay Student Writing: NarrationAlycia Hatten, “The Death of Santa Claus” [Student essay]Jarrett David Lee Jackson, “My Father’s House” [Student essay]Models of WritingCarol K. Littlebrandt, “Death Is a Personal Matter”Rogelio R. Gomez, “Foul Shots”Readings for WritingGreg Sarris, “‘You Don’t Look Indian’”Kate Chopin, “The Story of an Hour” [Story]Reading and Writing About PoetryCountee Cullen, “Incident” [Poem]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Narrative PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 9 Example Writing Your Example PaperTips for Writing an Example Essay Student Writing: ExampleMonica Branch, “Keep It Simple” [Student essay]Laura Zager, “A True Tale of a Family” [Student essay]Researched Student Writing: ExampleLaura Merkner, “Children of Television” [MLA-style essay]Critical Reading: ExampleVerlyn Klinkenborg, “Inside the Mind’s Eye, a Network of Highways” [Annotated professional essay]Models of WritingJohn Updike, “Childhood Transgressions”Barbara Ehrenreich, “What I’ve Learned from Men”Readings for WritingCaleb Crain, “Twilight of the Books”Judy Brady, “I Want a Wife”Reading and Writing About PoetryEdna St. Vincent Millay, “Lament” [Poem]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Example PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 10 Process Writing Your Process PaperTips for Writing a Process Essay Student Writing: ProcessMichael Wollan, “Coffee Time” [Student essay]Researched Student Writing: ProcessAyoko Folikoue, “Installation Art: Umbrellas Spread Across the Landscape” [MLA-Style essay]Models of WritingR. H. Kauffman, “How to Survive a Hotel Fire”Mildred Armstrong Kalish, “Wash Day”Readings for WritingNikki Giovanni, “Campus Racism 101”Susan Douglas, “Remote Control: How to Raise a Media Skeptic”Reading and Writing About PoetryRobert Frost, “Fire and Ice” [Poem]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Process PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 11 Comparison and Contrast Writing Your Comparison—Contrast PaperTips for Writing a Comparison—Contrast Essay Student Writing: Comparison­ ­—ContrastSubject-by-Subject PatternLea Fasolo, “Life After Death” [Student outline and essay]Point-by-Point PatternBarry Barnett, “Smarter But” [Student outline and essay]Combined Pattern of Comparison and ContrastStacy Kissenger, “Birds of a Feather?” [Student outline and essay]Models of WritingMark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens), “The Professional”William Zinsser, “Speaking of Writing”Suzanne Britt, “That Lean and Hungry Look”Bruce Catton, “Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts”Readings for WritingYouthful Imagination: Two Stories for Comparison and ContrastShirley Jackson, “Charles” [Story]Saki (H.H. Munro), “The Open Window” [Story]Legalizing Drugs: Two Web Sites for Comparison and ContrastOffice of National Drug Control Policy [Home page]Marijuana Policy Project [Home page]Love, Sweet Love: Two Poems for Comparison and ContrastWilliam Shakespeare, Sonnet 29, “When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes” [Poem]William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130, “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun” [Poem]Julie Olivera, “Two Kinds of Love” [Student essay]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Comparison and Contrast PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 12 Classification and Division Classification and Division in ActionUsing Division (or Analysis)Using ClassificationHow Are Division and Classification Different?Reviewing Division StrategiesWriting Your Classification PaperTips for Writing a Classification Essay Student Writing: ClassificationYvonne C. Younger, “Tomorrow, Tomorrow” [Student essay]Models of WritingJared Sandberg, “A Brief, Handy Guide to Those Odd Birds in the Upper Branches”John Holt, “Three Kinds of Disciplines”Readings for WritingAmartya Sen, “A World Not Neatly Divided”Cass R. Sunstein, “How Polarizing Is the Internet?”Reading and Writing About PoetryRobert Frost, “The Rose Family” [Poem]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Classification PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 13 Cause and Effect Writing Your Cause and Effect PaperTips for Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Student Writing: Cause and EffectRichard S. Smith, “Cause for Failure” [Student essay]Researched Student Writing: Cause and EffectKeely Cutts, “Wolves in Yellowstone” [MLA-style essay]Models of WritingCarll Tucker, “On Splitting”Mohan Sivanand, “Why I Write Wrong”Readings for WritingTony Sachs and Sal Nunziato, “Spinning into Oblivion”Brent Staples, “What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up in Cyberspace”Mike Twohy, “Reassigned Pending an Investigation” [Cartoon]Reading and Writing About PoetryEdwin Arlington Robinson, “Richard Cory” [Poem]Craig Anders, “We and He” [Student essay]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Cause and Effect PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 14 Definition Writing Your Definition PaperBeginning a Formal DefinitionTips for Writing One-Sentence Definitions Drafting Your Formal Definition PaperWriting an Informal Definition PaperStudent Writing: Formal DefinitionFrederick Spense, “Everyone Is Equal in the Grave” [Student essay]Student Writing: Informal DefinitionHelen Fleming, “The Grinnies” [Student essay]Models of WritingDavid Owen, “The Perfect Job”Lev Grossman, "Meet Joe Blog"Readings for WritingSunil Garg, "Under My Skin"Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., “Harrison Bergeron” [Story]Reading and Writing About PoetryLangston Huges, “Dreams” [Poem]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Definition PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 15 Argumentation Using LogicInductionDeductionUsing Induction and DeductionAvoiding Logical FallaciesWriting Your Argumentation PaperWriting a Formal ArgumentTips for Writing a Formal Argument Developing a Debatable PositionStudent Writing: ArgumentationSandra Travis-Edwards, “The Right Not to Vote” [Student essay]Dennis Rivas, “Books Are Not More Valuable than Other Art” [Student essay]Student Writing: Perspectives on Immigrants in AmericaNick Milano, “Citizenship for Christmas” [Student essay]Dan Cunningham, “Illegal Immigrants Don’t Deserve a License” [Student essay]Quynh Nguyen, “Being a Recent American” [Student essay]Models of Writing Michael E. Levin, “The Case for Torture”James Q. Wilson, “Just Take Away Their Guns”Meg Greenfield, “In Defense of the Animals”Readings for Writing Jim Borgman, “The 1812 Overture” [Cartoon] Perspectives on the Death Penalty Lauren Heist, “Capital Punishment: An Example for Criminals” [Student essay]Alex Shalom, “Abolish the Death Penalty” [Student essay]Mark Essig, “Continuing the Search for Kinder Executions”Robert Mankoff, “Good News” [Cartoon]Perspectives on Same-Sex Marriages Andrew Sullivan, “Let Gays Marry” Lisa Schiffren, “Gay Marriage, an Oxymoron”NoGaymarriage.com, “Please Help Preserve the Traditional Judeo-Christian Institution of Marriage” [Web site]MillionForMarriage.org “Support Marriage Equality for All.” [Web site]Dan Wasserman, “All We Want Is a Marriage” [Cartoon]Researched Student Writing: ArgumentationRichard Yee, “Banning Same-Sex Marriage: An Attack on the American Institution” [MLA-style essay]Reading and Writing About Poetry Emily Dickinson, “Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church” [Poem] Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Argument PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentCh 16 Mixing Methods of Development Developing Your Paper through Mixed Modes Tips for Developing a Mixed Modes Essay Mixing Methods: Looking at Possibilities Student Writing: Mixing Methods in Developing Your EssayBrian Jarvis, “Against the Great Divide” [Student essay] Critical Reading: Mixed Methods of DevelopmentTimothy K. Beal, “Bibles du Jour” [Annotated professional essay] Models of WritingHerbert J. Gans, “Fitting the Poor Into the Economy”Reshma Memon Yaqub, “You People Did This”Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Mixed Modes PaperWriting TopicsCrosscurrentsCollaborative LearningFrom Image to Words: A Reading and Writing AssignmentPART 3 Special Writing Ch 17 Literary Analysis Writing Your Analysis of LiteratureReading Literature for AnalysisTips for Reading Literature for Analysis Interpreting SymbolsTips for Avoiding Traps Involving Symbols Watching for Metaphors and SimilesAvoiding Common Pitfalls in Literary AnalysisTips for Avoiding Common Pitfalls in Literary Analysis Student Writing: Literary AnalysisHarriett McKay, “The Beginning of the End” [Student essay]Readings for WritingJamaica Kincaid, “Girl” [Story]Ann Petry, “Doby’s Gone” [Story]Edgar Allan Poe, “TheTell-Tale Heart” [Story]Strategy Checklist: Writing and Revising Your Literary Analysis PaperCh 18 Writing Essay Exams Preparing for the ExamEvaluating the QuestionPlanning and Writing Your EssayTips for Planning and Writing Your Essay Strategy Checklist: Taking an Essay ExamCh 19 Business Writing: An Overview Writing Inquiry and Complaint LettersLetter of InquiryLetter of ComplaintLetter FormatTips for Writing and Formatting a Letter Addressing an EnvelopeWriting a Letter to Apply for a JobWriting Your RésuméTips for Preparing a Resume Electronic (Digital) RésumésWriting Memorandums and E-mailPART 4 Research Ch 20 Doing Research Choosing Your SubjectDeveloping Your ThesisDoing Preliminary ReadingUsing General EncyclopediasUsing Specialized Reference WorksSearching the World Wide Web“Googling” Your SubjectPreparing Your Preliminary OutlineFinding Sources and Developing a Working BibliographyFinding Books: The Library CatalogFinding Articles: Periodical Indexes and DatabasesKeeping Records for Your BibliographyTaking NotesRecording QuotationsSummarizing and Paraphrasing in Your NotesDisagreements: Distinguishing Between Facts and OpinionsPreparing Your Formal OutlineMaking a Slug OutlineWriting a Formal OutlineStrategy Checklist: Doing ResearchCh 21 Writing Your Research Paper Writing Your Research Paper: An OverviewThe First DraftSubsequent DraftsUsing Explanatory NotesToward the Final CopyQuoting and Paraphrasing Your SourcesQuoting an Original SourceParaphrasing an Original SourceDirect Quotations: How Many?Avoiding PlagiarismDocumenting Sources in the Humanities: MLA StyleParenthetical CitationsA List of Works CitedPreparing the Works Cited ListTips for Preparing the Works Cited List Documenting Sources in the Social Sciences: APA StyleParenthetical CitationsA List of APA ReferencesPreparing Your References ListTips for Preparing an APA References List Preparing Your ManuscriptTips for Preparing the Final Copy Strategy Checklist: Writing Your Research PaperFrequently Asked Questions about Writing Research PapersSample MLA-Style Research PaperElizabeth Kessler, “The Banning of the Polygraph” [MLA-style essay]PART 5 Style Ch 22 Proper Words in Proper Places Denotation and ConnotationThe Importance of ConnotationWord SensitivityAbstract Writing and Concrete WritingUsing Specific DetailsUsing Specific Words and PhrasesUsing ComparisonsCh 23 Effective Sentences Wordiness and EconomyCutting DeadwoodAvoiding Pointless Repetition of MeaningCutting Unnecessary ClausesAvoiding Delay of SubjectPassive and Active VerbsFaulty ParallelismWhat Is Parallelism?Avoiding Faulty ParallelismFaulty Subordination and Sentence CombiningSentence Monotony and VarietyVarying Sentence LengthVarying Sentence Structure24 Additional Style Problems and Solutions TritenessEuphemismsRepetition, Good and BadRepetition for ClarityRepetition for ImpactUndesirable Repetition of MeaningUndesirable Repetition of the Same WordUndesirable Repetition of SoundsSlangFancy WritingSexist LanguageTips for Avoiding Sexist Language Miscellaneous Do’s and Don’tsTips for Writing in an Academic Style PART 6 Handbook, Glossary, and ESL Pointers Handbook Self Test: AbbreviationsSelf Test: Correct Adjectives and AdverbsSelf Test: Apostrophe UseSelf Test: Capital LettersSelf Test: ColonsSelf Test: Commas in Series and ClausesSelf Test: Commas and Introductory ElementsSelf Test: Commas and Interrupting ElementsSelf Test: Commas and Nonrestrictive ElementsSelf Test: Commas: Other UsesSelf Test: Comma SplicesSelf Test: Comparatives and SuperlativesSelf Test: Faulty ComparisonsSelf Test: End MarksSelf Test: FragmentsSelf Test: Dangling and Misplaced ModifiersSelf Test: Pronoun AgreementSelf Test: Pronoun CaseSelf Test: Pronoun ReferenceSelf Test: Quotation MarksSelf Test: Run-on SentencesSelf Test: Shifts in Person or TenseSelf Test: SpellingSelf Test: Subject-Verb AgreementSelf Test: Verb FormSelf Test: Verb TenseGlossary of Problem Words Self Test: Problem WordsESL Pointers:Tips for Non-Native Writers Verbs and Helping Verbs, Including ModalsSummary Checklist: Principal Parts and Auxiliaries for Three Sample VerbsUsing Helping Verbs and Modals with Principal Parts of VerbsPhrasal VerbsTips and Pointers for Phrasal VerbsNouns:Countable and UncountableExamples of Nouns You Cannot CountThe articles a, and, and thePrepositionsUsing in, at, and onSelf Test: ESL Problems