Relative Truth
The truth of an utterance depends on various factors. Usually these factors are assumed to be: the meaning of the sentence uttered, the context in which the utterance was made, and the way things are in the world. Recently, however, a number of cases have been discussed where there seems to be reason to think that the truth of an utterance is not yet fully determined by these three factors, and that truth must therefore depend on a further factor. The most prominent examples include...
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The truth of an utterance depends on various factors. Usually these factors are assumed to be: the meaning of the sentence uttered, the context in which the utterance was made, and the way things are in the world. Recently, however, a number of cases have been discussed where there seems to be reason to think that the truth of an utterance is not yet fully determined by these three factors, and that truth must therefore depend on a further factor. The most prominent examples include utterances about values, utterances attributing knowledge, utterances that state that something is probable or epistemically possible, and utterances about the contingent future. In these cases, some have argued, the standard picture needs to be modified to admit extra truth-determining factors, and there is further controversy about the exact role of any such extra factors. With contributions from some of the key figures in the contemporary debate on relativism this book is about a topic that is the focus of much traditional and current interest: whether truth is relative to standards of taste, values, or subjective informational states. It is an issue in the philosophy of language, but one with important connections to other areas of philosophy, such as meta-ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology.
1 Introduction: "Motivations for Relativism" Max Kobel Kobel, Max 1I Relativism Elaborated2 Moderate Relativism Francois Recanati Recanati, Francois 413 Semantic Relativism and the Logic of Indexicals Stefano Predelli Predelli, Stefano Isidora Stojanovic Stojanovic, Isidora 634 Truth in the Garden of Forking Paths John MacFarlane MacFarlane, John 815 Margins for Error in Context Denis Bonnay Bonnay, Denis Paul Egre Egre, Paul 1036 Relativism, Vagueness and What Is Said Manuel Garcia-Carpintero Garcia-Carpintero, Manuel 129II The Metaphyiscal Significance of Relativism7 Relativism about Truth Itself: Haphazard Thoughts about the Very Idea Crispin Wright Wright, Crispin 1578 Three Forms of Truth Relativism Iris Einheuser Einheuser, Iris 187III Objections to Relativism9 Assertion, Belief and Disagreement Sebastiano Moruzzi Moruzzi, Sebastiano 20710 Frege, Relativism and Faultless Disagreement Sven Rosenkranz Rosenkranz, Sven 22511 Epistemic Modals and Correct Disagreement Richard Dietz Dietz, Richard 239IV Alternatives to Relativism12 Content Relativism Herman Cappelen Cappelen, Herman 26513 Faultless or Disagreement Andrea Iacona Iacona, Andrea 28714 Presuppositions of Commonality: an Indexical Relativist Account of Disagreement Dan Lopez de Sa de Sa, Dan Lopez 297Index 311
