Prosodic Orientation in English Conversation
This study is the first to describe and analyze prosodic orientation, a conversational strategy by which speakers design their speaking voice according to the vocal patterns used by their conversational partners. The analyses are based on instances of natural everyday talk. The book explores forms and functions of prosodic orientation, and offers a new perspective on prosody in conversation.
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This study is the first to describe and analyze prosodic orientation, a conversational strategy by which speakers design their speaking voice according to the vocal patterns used by their conversational partners. The analyses are based on instances of natural everyday talk. The book explores forms and functions of prosodic orientation, and offers a new perspective on prosody in conversation.
List of Tables and Figures xAcknowledgements xiPreface xiiGAT Transcription Conventions xiiiProsody in Conversation 1Introduction 1Prosody defined 3Previous approaches to prosody 10The tonetic approach 10Autosegmental-metrical phonology 13Firthian prosodic analysis 18Dwight Bolinger 21The prosody of spontaneous conversation 21Paradigms 22Linguistic units for the analysis of prosody in conversation 27The data 31Preview 31Prosodic Orientation 33Introduction 33Types of prosodic orientation 34Prosodic matching 35Prosodic non-matching 57Prosodic complementation 61Summary 64Interactional environments for prosodic orientation 65Prosodically orienting responses 65Turn yielding prosodic orientation 78Action-closing prosodic orientation 83Summary 87Conclusion 88Stylized Prosodic Orientation 91Introduction 91Previous research on stylized prosody 92Pike (1945) 93Abe (1962) 93Liberman (1975) 94Gibbon (1976) 96Ladd (1978) 98Haiman (1989; 1990; 1994) 100Flowe (2002) 101Couper-Kuhlen (1999a; 2004) 102Types of stylized prosodic orientations 103Musical notes or intervals 104Marked prosody 111Stylization by repetition 123Summary 126Interactional environments for stylized prosodic orientation 127Appreciation 127Stylized voicing of imaginary figures 130Conversational structures 135Stylized interludes 140Conclusion 147Collaborative Productions: Orientation in Prosody and Syntax 150Introduction 150Previous research on collaborative productions 151Sacks (1995) 151Lerner (1991; 1996) 152Ferrara (1992) 153Ono and Thompson (1995) 154Local (2000; 2005) 154Types of collaborative productions 155Types of projection 157Completions and extensions 164Collaborative productions as non-competitive early incomings 175Interactional environments for collaborative productions 179Collaborative productions in duets 179Summary 185Showing understanding 188Borrowing 197Eliciting information 201Response tokens as one form of recipient reaction 202Summary 207Conclusion 208Conclusion 209Summary 209Conclusion 211Notes 213Bibliography 219Index 229
