On Efficient Causality
The first English translation of an important text of late medieval scholasticism that had strong influence on the development of early modern philosophy.
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The first English translation of an important text of late medieval scholasticism that had strong influence on the development of early modern philosophy.
IntroductionDisputation 17: On the Efficient Cause in General3Sect. 1What an Efficient Cause Is5Sect. 2The Types of Efficient Causes11Disputation 18: On the Proximate Efficient Cause and on Its Causality and on All the Things that It Requires in Order to Cause35Sect. 1Whether Created Things Really Effect Anything37Sect. 2The Principle by Which One Created Substance Produces Another51Sect. 3The Principle by Which Created Substances Produce Accidents91Sect. 4Which Accidents Are Capable of Being Principles of Acting111Sect. 5Whether Accidents Effect Other Accidents by Themselves without the Concurrence of Substantial Forms121Sect. 6Whether an Accident Is Merely an Instrument in the Production of Another Accident127Sect. 7Whether, in Order to Act, an Efficient Cause Must Be Distinct in Reality from the Recipient of the Action131Sect. 8Whether, in Order to Act, an Efficient Cause Must Be Conjoined with or Close to the Thing Acted Upon178Sect. 9Whether, in Order to Act, an Efficient Cause Requires a Patient That Is Dissimilar to It, and in What Proportion222Sect. 10Whether Action Is the Proper Notion of Causing for an Efficient Cause - That Is, Its Causality249Sect. 11Whether an Efficient Cause Corrupts or Destroys a Thing by Effecting Something, and How259Disputation 19: On Causes that Act Necessarily and Causes That Act Freely or Contingently; Also, on Fate, Fortune, and Chance269Sect. 1Whether among Created Efficient Causes There Are Any That Act Necessarily, and What Sort of Necessity This Is270Sect. 2Whether among Efficient Causes There Are Some That Operate without Necessity and with Freedom283Sect. 3Whether There Could Be Any Freely Acting Efficient Cause If the First Cause Operated by Necessity; and, in General, Whether the Freedom of an Action Requires Freedom in All the Causes That Influence It, or Whether Freedom in One of Them Is Sufficient301Sect. 4How Freedom or Contingency Abides in the Action of a Secondary Cause Despite the Concurrence of the First Cause and, Consequently, in What Sense It Is True That a Cause Is Free Which, Given That Everything Required for Acting Has Been Posited, Is Able to Act and Able Not to Act314Sect. 5Which Faculty the Freedom of a Created Cause Formally Resides In327Sect. 6How a Free Cause Is Determined by the Judgment of Reason346Sect. 7What the Source or Origin of a Defect in a Free Cause Is358Sect. 8Which Acts a Free Cause Has Indifference with Respect to365Sect. 9Whether a Cause's Freedom Exists While It Is Actually Operating379Sect. 10Whether Contingency in the Effects of the Universe Arises from the Freedom of the Efficient Causes, or Whether It Could Exist in the Absence of Such Freedom384Sect. 11Whether There Is Any Good Reason for Numbering Fate among the Efficient Causes in the Universe392Sect. 12Whether Chance and Fortune Should Be Numbered among the Efficient Causes401Bibliography409Index of Names and Works413Index of Subjects417
