On Creation, Conservation and Concurrence: Metaphysical Disputations 20, 21, and 22
The Spanish Jesuit Francisco Suarez (1548B1617) was an eminent Catholicphilosopher-theologian whose Disputationes Metaphysicae were first published in Spain in 1597 and came to be widely studied throughout Europe during the seventeenth century. The Disputationes Metaphysicae not only constituted the high point of sixteenth-century scholastic metaphysics but exercised a great influence on early modern philosophers such as Descartes, Malebranche, and Leibniz. This is the first time that...
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PrefaceIntroduction: "Suarez on Metaphysical Inquiry, Efficient Causality, and Divine Action"Disputation 20: On the First Efficient Cause and on His First Action, Which is Creation1Sect. 1whether it can be known by natural reason that the creation of any being is possible or even necessary; or (what amounts to the same thing) whether a being insofar as it is a being can depend essentially on another being as on an efficient cause2Sect. 2whether an infinite power of acting is required in order to create and, thus, whether such a power is proper to god to such an extent that it cannot be communicated to a creature25Sect. 3whether there can be an instrument of creation55Sect. 4whether creation is something within the creature that is distinct in reality from the creature itself65Sect. 5whether a newness of being belongs to the nature of creation93Disputation 21: On the First Efficient Cause and on His Second Action, Which is Conservation107Sect. 1whether it can be known by natural reason that created beings always depend for their esse on the actual influence of the first cause108Sect. 2which action conservation is, and how it differs from creation120Sect. 3whether things depend for their conservation on God alone130Disputation 22: On the First Cause, and on his Third Action, Which is Cooperation, or Concurrence, with Secondary Causes149Sect. 1whether it can be sufficiently proved by natural reason that god operates immediately and per se in the actions of all creatures150Sect. 2whether god's concurrence with a secondary cause is something in the manner of a principle or something in the manner of an action169Sect. 3how god's concurrence is related to the secondary cause's action and to the action's subject209Sect. 4how god gives his concurrence to secondary causes216Sect. 5whether secondary causes depend essentially in their acting on the first cause alone or on other causes as well238Index of Authors251Index of Subjects254
