LB Brief, MLA Update Edition
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LB Brief provides students of varying skills and interests with clear, reliable, and accessible explanations of handbook basics–the writing process, grammar and usage, and research writing. Concise and easy to use it focuses on 3 main emphases: writing in and out of college, visual literacy, and research writing. LB Brief helps writing students find what they need and then use what they find.
PART ONE: WRITING PROCESS1 The Writing Situation a Analysisb Subjectc Audienced Purpose2 Invention a Journal keepingb Observingc Freewritingd Brainstorminge Clusteringf Asking questionsg Reading3 Thesis and Organization a Thesis statementb Organization Sample Essay 4 Drafting a Startingb Maintaining momentumc Sample First Draft5 Revising and Editinga Revising the whole essayb Sample revisionc Editingd Formatting; proofreadinge Sample Final Draftf Collaboratingg Preparing a writing portfolio6 Paragraphsa Unity around a central ideab Coherencec Developmentd Introductions and conclusionse Linking paragraphs7 Document Designa Academic papersb Principles of designc Elements of designd Illustrationse Papers submitted onlinef Readers with disabilitiesPART TWO: WRITING IN AND OUT OF COLLEGE8 Academic Writing a Academic habitsb Audiencec Purposed Structure and contente Language9 Study Skillsa Time managementb Listening and note taking in classc Readingd ExamsSample Essay Exams 10 Critical Reading and Writinga Critical readingb Critically viewing imagesc Critical writingSample Critique of a Text11 Writing Argumentsa Elements of argumentb Writing reasonablyc Organizing an argumentd Sample Argument12 Reading and Writing About Literaturea Writing while readingb Critical readingc Sample Works and Papers13 Public Writinga Business letters and résumésSample Letter and Résumésb Memos Sample Memoc Electronic mailSample E-mail Messaged Community work Sample Newsletter and Brochuree Web compositionSample Web Page14 Oral Presentationsa Purpose and audienceb Organizationc DeliverySample Powerpoint SlidesPART THREE: CLARITY AND STYLE15 Emphasisa Subjects and verbsb Sentence beginnings and endingsc Coordinationd Subordination16 Parallelisma With and, but, or, nor, yetb With both . . . and, etc.c In comparisonsd In lists, headings, and outlines17 Variety and Detailsa Sentence lengthb Sentence structurec Details18 Appropriate and Exact Wordsa Appropriate wordsb Exact words19 Completenessa Compoundsb Needed words20 Concisenessa Focusing on subject and verbb Cutting empty wordsc Cutting repetitiond Tightening clauses and phrasese Cutting there is or it isf Combining sentencesg Avoiding jargonPART FOUR: SENTENCE PARTS AND PATTERNSBasic grammar21 Parts of Speech a Nounsb Pronounsc Verbsd Adjectives and adverbse Prepositions and conjunctionsf Interjections22 The Sentence a Subject and predicateb Predicate patternsc Alternative patterns23 Phrases and Subordinate Clauses a Phrasesb Subordinate clauses24 Sentence Typesa Simple sentencesb Compound sentencesc Complex sentencesd Compound-complex sentencesVerbs25 Formsa Irregular verbsb Sit/set; lie/lay; rise/raisec -s and -ed formsd Helping verbse Verb + gerund or infinitivef Verb + particle26 Tensea Present tense: singb Perfect tense: have/had/will have sungc Progressive tense: is/was/will be singingd Consistencye Sequence27 Mooda Subjunctive: I wish I wereb Consistency28 Voicea Active vs. passiveb Consistency29 Subject-Verb Agreement a -s and -es endingsb Intervening wordsc Subjects with andd Subjects with or or nore Everyone and other indefinite pronounsf Team and other collective nounsg Who, which, thath News and other singular nouns ending in -si Inverted word orderj Is, are, and other linking verbsk Titles; words being definedPronouns 30 Casea She and I vs. her and meb It was she vs. It was herc Who vs. whomd Other constructions31 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement a Antecedents with andb Antecedents with or or norc Everyone, person, and other indefinite wordsd Team and other collective nouns32 Pronoun Reference a Clear referenceb Close referencec Specific referenced Definite it and theye Appropriate youf ConsistencyModifiers 33 Adjectives and Adverbsa Adjective vs. adverbb Adjective with linking verb: felt badc Comparisonsd Double negativese Present and past participles: boring vs. boredf A, an, the, and other determiners34 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiersa Misplaced modifiersb Dangling modifiersSentence Faults 35 Sentence Fragmentsa Testsb Revisionc Acceptable fragments36 Comma Splices and Fused Sentencesa Main clauses without and, but, etc.b Main clauses with however, for example, etc.37 Mixed Sentencesa Mixed meaningb Tangled grammarc Repeated subjects and other partsPART FIVE: PUNCTUATION38 End Punctuationa Periodb Question markc Exclamation point39 Commaa Main clauses with and, but, etc.b Introductory elementsc Nonessential elementsd Items in seriese Two or more adjectivesf Dates, addresses, etc.g With quotationsh Misuses40 Semicolona Main clauses without and, but, etc.b Main clauses with however, for example, etc.c Main clauses or series items with commasd Misuses41 Colona Concluding explanation, series, etc.b Salutation; title and subtitle; timec Misuses42 Apostrophea Possessionb Misusesc Contractionsd Plural abbreviations, etc.43 Quotation Marksa Direct quotationsb Within quotationsc Titles of worksd Words used in a special sensee Misusesf With other punctuation44 Other Marksa Dash or dashesb Parenthesesc Ellipsis markd Bracketse SlashPART SIX: SPELLING AND MECHANICS45 Spelling 46 Hyphen 47 Capital Letters48 Underlining or Italics49 Abbreviations50 NumbersPART SEVEN: RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION51 Research Strategya Planningb Research journalc Subject and questiond Goals for sourcese Working, annotated bibliography52 Finding Sourcesa Searching electronicallyb Reference worksc Booksd Periodicalse The Webf Other online sourcesg Government publicationsh Imagesi Your own sources53 Working with Sourcesa Evaluating sourcesb Synthesizing sourcesc Gathering informationd Using summary, paraphrase, quotatione Integrating sources into your text54 Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources a Plagiarism and the Internetb What not to acknowledgec What must be acknowledgedd Online sourcese Documenting sources55 Writing the Papera Focusing and organizingb Drafting, revising, and formatting56 MLA Documentation and Formata Parenthetical text citationsb List of works citedc Format of paperd SAMPLE MLA PAPER 57 APA Documentation and Format a Parenthetical text citationsb List of referencesc Format of paperd SAMPLE APA PAPERGlossary of UsageAnswers to Selected ExercisesIndex
