Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents: Methods and Protocols
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In recent years, enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents-as opposed to aqueous solutions-has gained considerable attention as a powerful new approach to the preparation of natural products, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and food ingredients. In Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents: Methods and Protocols, leading chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and process engineers summarize for the first time a wide range of methods for executing enzymatic transformations under nonaqueous conditions. Each method includes detailed step-by-step instructions for its successful completion, a list of materials, and ancillary notes that explain the scientific basis of the procedure, as well as troubleshooting. Also provided are a generic description of key reactions, advice on biocatalyst preparation, discussion of reaction conditions, and instructions on bioreactor design. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents: Methods and Protocols offers today's synthetic chemists, biochemists, and process engineers all the essential information needed to carry out enzymatic reactions in nonaqueous media, as well as to successfully scale up to production quantities. Booknews Chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and process engineers summarize methods for executing enzymatic transformations under nonaqueous conditions. Each method includes detailed step-by-step instructions, a list of materials, notes explaining the scientific basis of the procedure, and troubleshooting tips. Also provided are a generic descriptions of key reactions, advice on biocatalyst preparation, discussion of reaction conditions, and instructions on bioreactor design. Chapters are in sections on control of enzyme activity in nonaqueous solvents, synthetic applications, and reaction systems and bioreactor design. Vulfson is affiliated with the Institute of Food Research. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Part IControl of Enzyme Activity in Nonaqueous SolventsPeter J. HallingSalt-Induced Activation of Enzymes in Organic Solvents: Optimizing the Lyophilization Time and Water ContentMichael T. Ru, Jonathan S. Dordick, Jeffrey A. Reimer, and Douglas S. ClarkImprinting Enzymes for Use in Organic MediaJoseph O. Rich and Jonathan S. DordickEntrapment of Biocatalysts by Prepolymer MethodsAtsuo Tanaka and Takamitsu IidaMicroencapsulation of Enzymes and Cells for Nonaqueous BiotransformationsJeffrey A. Khan and Evgeny N. VulfsonImmobilization of Lipases on HydrogelsAbu Bakar Salleh, Norhaizan M. Esa, Mahiran Basri, Che Nyonya A. Razak, Wan Md Zin W. Yunus, and Mansor AhmadPolyethylene Glycol-Modified Enzymes in Hydrophobic MediaAyako Matsushima, Yoh Kodera, Misao Hiroto, Hiroyuki Nishimura, and Yuji InadaChemical Modification of Lipase for Use in Ester SynthesisMahiran Basri, Kamaruzaman Ampon, Che Nyonya A. Razak, and Abu Bakar SallehPreparation and Properties in Organic Solvents of Noncovalent PEG-Enzyme ComplexesFrancesco Secundo, Gianluca Ottlina, and Giacomo CarreaPreparations of a Lipid-Coated Enzyme and Activity for Reverse Hydrolysis Reactions in Homogeneous Organic MediaToshiaki Mori and Yoshio OkahataVery High Activity Biocatalysts for Low-Water Systems: Propanol-Rinsed Enzyme PreparationsBarry D. Moore, Johann Partridge, and Peter J. HallingMethods for Measurement and Control of Water in Nonaqueous BiocatalysisGeorge Bell, Peter J. Halling, Lindsey May, Barry D. Moore, Donald A. Robb, Rein Ulijn, and Rao H. ValivetyWater Activity Control in Organic Media by Equilibration Through MembranesErnst Wehtje and Patrick AdlercreutzWater Activity Control for Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions in Nonaqueous MediaJoon Shick Rhee, Seok Joon Kwon, and Jeong Jun HanImmobilization of Enzymes and Control of Water Activity in Low-Water Media: Properties and Applications of Celite R-640 (Celite Rods)Lucia GardossiEnzyme Activity and Enantioselectivity Measurements in Organic MediaAmélie Ducret, Michael Trani, and Robert LortieCalorimetric Methods in Evaluating Hydration and Solvation of Solid Proteins Immersed in Organic SolventsMikhail Borisover, Vladimir Sirotkin, Dmitriy Zakharychev, and Boris SolomonovDetection of Structural Changes of Enzymes in Nonaqueous Media by Fluorescence and CD SpectroscopyHideo KiseThe Effects of Crown Ethers on the Activity of Enzymes in Organic SolventsDirk-Jan van Unen, Johan F. J. Engbersen, and David N. ReinhoudtControl of Acid-Base Conditions in Low-Water MediaJohann Partridge, Neil Harper, Barry D. Moore, and Peter J. HallingEnzymatic Acylation of _-Butylglucoside in Nonaqueous MediaMarie-Pierre Bousquet, René-Marc Willemot, Pierre Monsan, and Emmanuel BouresPart IISynthetic ApplicationsHerbert L. HollandChoosing Hydrolases for Enantioselective Reactions Involving Alcohols Using Empirical RulesAlexandra N. E. Weissfloch and Romas J. KazlauskasCandida antarctica Lipase B: A Tool for the Preparation of Optically Pure AlcoholsDidier Rotticci, Jenny Ottosson, Torbjörn Norin, and Karl HultEnantioselective Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterifications in Organic SolventsFritz TheilPseudomonas cepacia Lipase-Catalyzed Enantioselective Acylation of 2-Substituted-1-alkanols in Organic SolventsPatrizia Ferraboschi and Enzo SantanielloPreparation of 2-, 3-, and 4-Methylcarboxylic Acids and the Corresponding Alcohols of High Enantiopurity by Lipase-Catalyzed EsterificationPer Berglund and Erik HedenströmOptimization of Enzymatic Enantiomeric Resolutions Through Solvent SelectionGianluca Ottolina, Francesco Secundo, Giorgio Colombo, and Giacomo CarreaChemoselective Amidification of Amino-Polyols Catalyzed with Lipases in Organic SolventsThierry Maugard, Magali Remaud-Simeon, and Pierre MonsanSynthesis of Esters Catalyzed by Lipases in Water-in-Oil MicroemulsionsHaralambos Stamatis, Aristotelis Xenakis, and Fragiskos N. KolisisEnzymatic Conversion of Organosilicon Compounds in Organic SolventsTakuo Kawamoto and Atsuo TanakaSynthetic Applications of Enzymes in Nonaqueous MediaValérie Rolland and René LazaroEnzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents: Applications in Carbohydrate and Peptide PreparationShui-Tein Chen, Boonyaras Sookkheo, Suree Phutrahul, and Kung-Tsung WangInterface Bioreactor: Microbial Transformation Device on an Interface Between a Hydrophilic Carrier and a Hydrophobic Organic SolventShinobu Oda, Takeshi Sugai, and Hiromichi OhtaYeast-Mediated Reactions in Organic SolventsAndrew J. Smallridge and Maurie A. TrewhellaBiocatalysis in Pharmaceutical Process Development: SCH56592, a Case StudyBrian Morgan, David R. Dodds, Michael J. Homann, Aleksey Zaks, and Robert VailPart IIIReaction Systems and Bioreactor DesignEvgeny N. VulfsonEnzymatic Solid-to-Solid Peptide SynthesisMarkus Erbeldinger, Uwe Eichhorn, Peter Kuhl, and Peter J. HallingEnzymatic Synthesis and Hydrolysis Reactions of Acylglycerols in Solvent-Free SystemsCristina Otero, Jose A. Arcos, Hugo S. Garcia, and Charles G. Hill, JrSolid-Gas Catalysis at Controlled Water Activity: Reactions at the Gas-Solid Interface Using Lipolytic EnzymesSylvain Lamare and Marie Dominique LegoySolvent-Free Biotransformations of LipidsTsuneo YamaneLipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sugar Fatty Acid Esters in Supercritical Carbon DioxideHaralambos Stamatis, Vasiliki Sereti, and Fragiskos N. KolisisTransformations in Frozen Aqueous Solutions Catalyzed by Hydrolytic EnzymesMarion Haensler and Hans-Dieter JakubkeEnzymatic Synthesis of Sugar Fatty Acid Esters in Solvent-Free MediaDouglas B. Sarney and Evgeny N. VulfsonBiotransformations in Supersaturated SolutionsDavid A. MacManus, Anna Millqvist-Fureby, and Evgeny N. VulfsonEnzymatic Transformations in Suspensions (I): One Solid Substrate and ProductVolker Kasche and Antje SpießBiotransformations in Supercritical FluidsNuno Fontes, M. Conceição Almeida, and Susana BarreirosReverse Micellar Systems: General MethodologyAndrey V. Levashov and Natalia L. KlyachkoEnzymatic Transformations in Supercritical FluidsAlain Marty and Jean-Stéphane CondoretEnzymatic Transformations in Suspensions (II)Adrie J. J. Straathof, Mike J. J. Litjens, and Joseph J. HeijnenCharacterization and Operation of a Micellar Membrane BioreactorCristina M. L. Carvalho, Maria Raquel Aires-Barros, and Joaquim M. S. CabralImmobilization of Lipase Enzymes and Their Application in the Interesterification of Oils and FatsAlan D. Peilow and Maha M. A. Misbah
